1. Nace en el mundo del trabajo. La Castaña se publica al inicio de los ’80, en un momento en que un sector de los “escritores jóvenes” se vincula más con la publicidad (trabajando, generalmente, como redactores creativos) que con la universidad intervenida. En ese ámbito laboral se produce el encuentro de escritores (principalmente poetas) y gráficos (diseñadores, dibujantes). Esta complicidad (de los currículos ocultos –vocacionales y políticos- de quienes trabajábamos en publicidad) era propicia para la incorporación de la irreverencia, el humor, el cómic; y la búsqueda de soluciones no-literarias ni académicas ni clandestinas para construir una “revista de poesía” (autogestionada, independiente, antidictatorial, progresista, de bajo costo, sostenida con trabajo voluntario, sin fines de lucro, de factura profesional). Obviamente, al revisar sus ocho números resulta ser más que una revista de poesía y no sólo –como se definía- “de humor, gráfica y poesía”.
2. Ilegal, pero no clandestina. Entre las publicaciones de oposición (desde las clandestinas “más peligrosas” hasta las legales-permitidas) La Castaña era “ilegal, pero permitida”; es decir, solicitamos autorización para circular; la dictadura nunca la dio, pero la publicamos igual, con nuestros nombres y dirección; y se distribuía por mano e incluso se vendió en algunas librerías. Siempre quisimos superar cierta “dureza” estética y retórica del subterráneo; una superación en calidad gráfica y literaria, respecto de las otras publicaciones ilegales. Sin ser especialmente costosa y nunca lujosa, recurriendo a materiales precarios como el papel de envolver, quisimos probar que una revista “popular” o “pobre” no tenía por qué ser “fea”, descuidada, mal escrita. Sin ser insensibles al dolor ni políticamente desinformados, preferimos el humor y la ironía al tono grave y panfletario. De hecho nos vimos prefiriendo la semilegalidad a la clandestinidad, la reivindicación de las autorías al nombre de batalla.
3. La belleza bajo las púas. La castaña, desde su nombre quiso ser una metáfora, que se explicó en su Nº0: “fruto nutritivo y sabroso que está envuelto por una cáscara correosa, llena de púas”. En un momento caracterizado como de “apagón cultural” nuestro sello se llamaba “Ediciones Tragaluz”. Al rescatar la escondida belleza del papel de envolver -de tono castaño- buscábamos acercarnos al propósito ético y político de “convertir la miseria en dignidad”. Todo significaba.
4. Resquicios legales. Actuando en la superficie, como en una lectura pública de poemas, nuestro mensaje irónico era muchas veces una “indirecta”. Así, “reciclábamos” textos para que tuvieran una lectura contingente. Por ejemplo, uno que criticaba la dictadura de Ibáñez -“El delito del rumor”, de Jenaro Prieto- o el discurso de Sacco y Vanzetti, o textos de Kafka, Michaux, de cronistas, etc.). O, sin comentarios, proponíamos textos que resultaban irónicos como éste de Dalí: “Lo peor para la humanidad es la libertad… la prisión es lo mejor… la libertad es un principio funesto”. Queríamos potenciar texto y contexto. A esos textos, le sumábamos siempre alguno de connotación ecologista y/o de rescate de pueblos originarios.
5. Política de inclusión. En la selección de textos y de colaboradores gráficos no había –diría- una opción estética explicitada. La invitación era abierta (y no se pagaban las colaboraciones). Era inclusiva, privilegiando a quienes no tenían tribuna en Chile… o tenían poca. Por ello, siempre y en todos los números hubo escritores exiliados (Uribe y Bolaño, por ejemplo, cuando eran prácticamente desconocidos en Chile); siempre hubo algún(a) inédito(a) (Pedro Mardones, cuando no firmaba Lemebel). También de diversas generaciones (Gonzalo Rojas, Teillier, Hahn, Hernán Castellano, Millán, Ana María del Río, Rodrigo Lira, Teresa Calderón, Verónica Zondeck, Mauricio Electorat, Andrés Morales, etc.). Buscábamos mostrar también la otra faceta de los autores (escritores dibujando; Lihn, por ejemplo; cantantes, pintores y dibujantes escribiendo; Isabel Parra y Payo Grondona; Roberto Matta; José Palomo y Rufino, por ejemplo). Habitualmente publicábamos alguna muestra (“poetas chilenos jóvenes en Europa”, por ejemplo). Obviamente funcionó como un medio de expresión propio y nos publicamos nosotros mismos. Estábamos fuera de otros circuitos. Nos alejábamos del panfleto y de cierto snobismo. Los títulos que publicamos en las Ediciones Tragaluz denotan las zonas de expresión con las cuales estábamos conectados: Palabra de mujer (Heddy Navarro) Exilios (JM y Bruno Serrano), Contradiccionario (Eduardo Llanos), Señales de Humo (Sergio González). Por último, diría que no teníamos un discurso crítico explicitado, salvo la “revisión de la crítica” en el Chile de entonces que hace Eduardo Llanos: A propósito de Anteparaíso.
6. Calabaza, calabaza. En estos días –ya del 2005- creo que esta mezcla de poesía, gráfica, humor y crítica social, también está en la revista “Calabaza del diablo”, con su suplemento satírico “La momia roja”. Fue –creo que ya dejó de publicarse- una iniciativa que podría situarse en el carril de La Castaña. Puede haber otras, pero las condiciones han cambiado demasiado como para hacer comparaciones. No era el colmo de original, pero nos gustó hacerla. Eso es todo.
Fraternalmente,
Jorge Montealegre y Hernán Venegas, el otro editor, quien tendría mucho que decir sobre la gráfica.

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